{"id":5062,"date":"2022-02-03T10:35:25","date_gmt":"2022-02-03T10:35:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/klodzinskikancelaria.pl\/?p=5062"},"modified":"2026-07-17T10:48:33","modified_gmt":"2026-07-17T10:48:33","slug":"czym-jest-prokura-i-kto-ustanawia-prokurenta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/klodzinskikancelaria.pl\/en\/what-is-a-commercial-proxy-and-who-appoints-a-commercial-proxy\/","title":{"rendered":"What is a commercial proxy and who appoints a commercial proxy?"},"content":{"rendered":"<article class=\"kk-article\">\n<p class=\"kk-lead\">Reflecting the organization of the internal structure of capital companies in the most synthetic way possible, it is necessary to point out a certain dualism, expressed in the separation of managerial bodies (the company&#039;s management board) and those of an ownership nature (the shareholders&#039; meeting). In order to ensure the effective functioning of the company by expanding the entities authorized to represent it, companies decide to grant a commercial power of attorney - which results in the appointment of a commercial proxy in the company. That is, a person who, pursuant to the power of attorney granted to him, is authorized to represent the company. Proxy may also be granted by entrepreneurs running sole proprietorships.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kk-box\">\n<p class=\"kk-box-title\">\ud83d\udca1 Key takeaways<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Prokura is a broad power of attorney (covering judicial and extrajudicial acts) granted to entrepreneurs who are subject to registration.<\/li>\n<li>Only a natural person with full legal capacity can be an attorney-in-fact.<\/li>\n<li>The appointment of an authorised signatory in a limited liability company requires the consent of all board members (a resolution), and the granting of the authorisation itself must be in writing, under penalty of nullity. The authorisation can be revoked by any board member.<\/li>\n<li>The entry of a commercial proxy into the National Court Register is merely declaratory (confirmatory) in nature, but there is a statutory obligation to report it.<\/li>\n<li>Procura does not expire upon the death of the entrepreneur; instead, it expires, for example, upon the company's removal from the register, the declaration of its bankruptcy, or the death of the authorised person.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<nav class=\"kk-toc\" aria-label=\"Contents\">\n<p class=\"kk-toc-title\">\ud83d\udccb Contents<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#czym-jest\">What is a commercial proxy?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#zakres\">Proxy and proxy \u2013 scope of commercial representation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#kto-moze-byc\">Who can be a proxy?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#kto-powoluje\">Who appoints the proxy?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#wpis\">Entry into the National Court Register and fees<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#wygasniecie\">Expiration of commercial power of attorney<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/nav>\n<blockquote class=\"kk-quote\"><p><strong>It is worth emphasizing the functional link between the actions taken by the entrepreneur's representative and the conduct of the enterprise, meaning that the power of attorney authorises them to undertake all actions aimed at sustaining the business operations.<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Law Office of Piotr K\u0142odzi\u0144ski<\/strong> what he does every day <a class=\"ek-link\" href=\"https:\/\/klodzinskikancelaria.pl\/en\/uslugi-prawne\/legal-services-for-companies\/\"><strong>legal services for companies and companies from Warsaw<\/strong><\/a> \u2013 if necessary, we will be happy to help, including in appointing a proxy and obtaining an entry in the appropriate register.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"czym-jest\">What is a commercial proxy?<\/h2>\n<p>Prokura is a special type of power of attorney. Generally speaking, a prokura is a power of attorney granted by an entrepreneur subject to entry in the Central Register and Information on Economic Activity or the register of the National Court Register \u2013 as is the case with a limited liability company.<\/p>\n<p>The institution of prokura dates back to the inter-war period, when it was originally regulated in the Commercial Code of 1934. Currently, the institution of prokura is regulated by the provisions of the Civil Code (hereinafter referred to as the Civil Code). Given the broad catalogue of organisational and legal forms of conducting business, in order to correctly grant prokura in the case of a limited liability company, the regulations of the Commercial Companies Code (hereinafter referred to as the Commercial Companies Code) must be taken into account. <a class=\"ek-link\" href=\"https:\/\/klodzinskikancelaria.pl\/en\/\"><strong>Legal services for companies in Warsaw<\/strong><\/a> This is just one of the areas of law that ours deals with <strong><a class=\"ek-link\" href=\"https:\/\/klodzinskikancelaria.pl\/en\/\">Law Firm<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"zakres\">Proxy and proxy \u2013 scope of commercial representation<\/h2>\n<p>Given the specific nature of procuration, the legal provisions concerning power of attorney apply mutatis mutandis to procuration. The scope of procuration is determined by the regulations. It covers judicial and extrajudicial actions related to running an enterprise. The Civil Code limits this authority by enumerating the actions for which the granting of specific power of attorney is required for their effective performance.<\/p>\n<p>Important! According to art. 109<sup>3<\/sup> The requirement for a special power of attorney applies to the following actions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the conclusion of a legal transaction whereby the undertaking is leased out for temporary use,<\/li>\n<li>selling and encumbering real estate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The wide scope of the power of attorney is further confirmed by the case law of administrative courts in tax matters. The establishment of a power of attorney excludes the need to grant a general power of attorney to the authorised person in tax matters, and even a power of attorney to sign tax returns.<\/p>\n<p>Important! As a general rule, a power of attorney (prokura) cannot be limited in a way that is legally binding on third parties. According to Art. 109<sup>1<\/sup> \u00a7 2 of the Civil Code states that a procuration cannot be limited in its effect towards third parties, unless a special provision states otherwise. A special provision limiting procuration is the provision regulating the institution of branch procuration (Art. 109<sup>5<\/sup> k.c.)<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"kto-moze-byc\">Who can be a proxy?<\/h2>\n<p>A procurator can be a natural person with full legal capacity. Against this background, we can observe a significant difference compared to a power of attorney (where such a requirement is not imposed). It is worth noting certain subjective restrictions \u2013 the general provisions of the Commercial Companies Code introduce a prohibition on holding the position of procurator for persons convicted by a final judgment for specific economic crimes, and in a limited liability company, it is forbidden to combine the functions of a supervisory board member with the function of a procurator.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"631\" class=\"wp-image-5125\" src=\"https:\/\/klodzinskikancelaria.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/prokurent-1024x631.jpg\" alt=\"legal services for companies in Warsaw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/klodzinskikancelaria.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/prokurent-1024x631.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/klodzinskikancelaria.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/prokurent-300x185.jpg 300w, https:\/\/klodzinskikancelaria.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/prokurent-768x474.jpg 768w, https:\/\/klodzinskikancelaria.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/prokurent-20x12.jpg 20w, https:\/\/klodzinskikancelaria.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/prokurent.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"kto-powoluje\">Who appoints the proxy?<\/h2>\n<p>In capital companies, which include limited liability companies, the appointment of a commercial proxy is a two-stage process.<\/p>\n<h3>Establishing a commercial power of attorney<\/h3>\n<p>In accordance with Article 208(6) of the Commercial Companies Code, the appointment of a commercial agent requires the consent of all board members in the form of a resolution. This provision is dispositive in nature (the company agreement may provide otherwise).<\/p>\n<h3>Granting a commercial power of attorney<\/h3>\n<p>The next step is to grant a power of attorney (prokura), which must be drawn up in writing, on pain of nullity (often in a notarial deed), in accordance with the principles of the company's representation.<\/p>\n<h3>Types of commercial power of attorney<\/h3>\n<p>Due to the criterion of the number of authorised individuals, we can encounter a sole procuration (one-person) and a joint procuration. Joint procuration can take various forms: with another authorised person, with a member of the management board (mixed), or exclusively with a member of the management board (improper \u2013 Art. 109<sup>4<\/sup> \u00a7 1<sup>1<\/sup> k.c.)<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"wpis\">Entry into the National Court Register and fees<\/h2>\n<p>The legislator has established a requirement to report the granting and expiry of a power of attorney to the National Court Register (KRS). The notification should be made within 7 days. However, it should be remembered that this entry is declaratory \u2013 confirming the existing factual state, as the authorised person can act from the moment of appointment.<\/p>\n<p>The fees payable by the company are PLN 250 for the court fee and PLN 100 for the announcement in the Court and Commercial Gazette.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"wygasniecie\">Expiration of commercial power of attorney<\/h2>\n<p>According to the Civil Code, a power of attorney expires as a result of:<\/p>\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li>striking off a businessperson from the register,<\/li>\n<li>bankruptcy notices<\/li>\n<li>liquidation proceedings,<\/li>\n<li>transmutations of an entrepreneur<\/li>\n<li>appointment of a guardian (Art. 42 of the Civil Code),<\/li>\n<li>death of the authorised representative<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>It is worth pointing out that the Civil Code <strong>does not link the expiry of the power of attorney with the death of the principal<\/strong>nor the loss of their legal capacity. Furthermore, the loss of the company's management does not result in the termination of the power of attorney.<\/p>\n<p>A proxy can be revoked at any time. Pursuant to Article 208 \u00a7 7 of the Commercial Companies Code, a proxy may be revoked by any member of the management board, unlike their appointment.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kk-author-box\"><strong>Piotr K\u0142odzi\u0144ski \u2013 <a class=\"ek-link\" href=\"https:\/\/klodzinskikancelaria.pl\/en\/price-list-business-customers\/\">Legal Services Price List for Companies Warsaw<\/a><\/strong><\/div>\n<\/article>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-left kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;5062&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Rate this post&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 - (0 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Czym jest prokura i kto ustanawia prokurenta?&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">Rate this post<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>According to data, a limited liability company is an increasingly popular organizational and legal form of running a business in Poland. The above undoubtedly results from the fact that a limited liability company, as a member of the catalog of capital companies - next to a joint-stock company and a simple joint-stock company - minimizes the risk of personal liability for the company&#039;s obligations, which gives it an advantage over partnerships (partnership, general partnership, limited partnership). , partnership Limited by shares). An equally important aspect is the reasonable amount of the minimum share capital, which is at least PLN 5,000.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"uslugi-categories":[],"class_list":["post-5062","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-prawo-cywilne"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.10 (Yoast SEO v23.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Czym jest prokura i kto ustanawia prokurenta? 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