{"id":3380,"date":"2021-02-26T15:25:04","date_gmt":"2021-02-26T15:25:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/klodzinskikancelaria.pl\/?p=3380"},"modified":"2026-07-21T10:53:04","modified_gmt":"2026-07-21T10:53:04","slug":"sady-coraz-chetniej-opowiadaja-sie-po-stronie-najemcow-galerii-handlowych-omowienie-orzecznictw","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/klodzinskikancelaria.pl\/en\/courts-are-increasingly-willing-to-side-with-tenants-of-shopping-malls-discussion-of-case-law\/","title":{"rendered":"Courts are increasingly willing to side with tenants of shopping malls - review of case law"},"content":{"rendered":"&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<details style=\"font-size: small;\" open=\"\"><summary>\ud83d\udccb Contents<\/summary>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"#h-czy-zasada-pacta-sunt-servanda-doznaje-ogranicze\">Does the principle of *pacta sunt servanda* have limitations?<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"#h-praktyka-orzecznicza\">Judicial practice<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"#h-najem-w-galeriach-handlowych\">Lease in shopping malls<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"#h-umowa-najmu-lokalu-wypowiedzenie-umowy-najmu\">Premises lease agreement. Termination of the lease agreement<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"#h-podsumowanie\">Summary<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/details>\r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">The closure of shops and gyms has caused massive financial losses for many business owners. Retail tenants in shopping centres are feeling the effects of the prevailing pandemic very acutely. The empty premises generated only expenses, as they were not conducting sales, and maintaining them while waiting to resume operations is no small cost. Retail tenants in shopping centres had to face a trading ban in the spring of last year, followed by another lockdown from 7 November to 28 November. From 28 December 2020, the government tightened the regulations concerning the operation of shopping malls. Until 31 January 2021, a ban on retail trade was in force in commercial or service facilities, including retail parks, with a sales or service provision area of over 2,000 m<sup>2<\/sup>. The situation was supposed to be improved by the solutions of the Anti-Crisis Shield 2.0, which provided for the possibility of exempting mall tenants from the obligation to pay rent during the closure, but a very important condition had to be met, namely the extension of the contract. After closing the stores, the obligation for the tenant to submit an unconditional and binding offer to extend the lease agreement was updated.<\/p>\r\n \r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Due to the restrictions introduced, the vast majority of tenants were deprived of income, which caused a problem with their financial liquidity. Moreover, this situation of tenants is influenced by public law burdens. The Act of July 6, 2016 on retail sales tax (consolidated text: Journal of Laws of 2020, item 1293) states that all entities that make retail sales are payers of retail sales tax. To put it very simply, this means that an entity that sells certain goods to consumers for a fee is a taxpayer of this tax. For some entrepreneurs, this will be another obstacle to regaining financial liquidity. Despite the lifting of the business ban, a decline in turnover and<strong><a class=\"ek-link\" href=\"https:\/\/klodzinskikancelaria.pl\/en\/uslugi-prawne\/commercial-real-estate-lease-agreements-in-warsaw\/\"> rental in shopping malls<\/a><\/strong> may be far-reaching. Disputes between tenants and landlords and the need to go to court are becoming more and more common. The same applies to fitness centers and gyms, as well as restaurants.<\/p>\r\n \r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-czy-zasada-pacta-sunt-servanda-doznaje-ogranicze\"><strong>Is the rule <em>pacta sunt servanda<\/em> experience limitations?<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n \r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\"><em>Pacta sunt servanda, <\/em>that is, the principle that a person who has entered into a valid contract must fulfill it. This institution is intended to ensure stability and certainty of trading. However, it may experience certain limitations as a result of the operation of the clause <em>rebus sic stantibus.<\/em> The purpose of this institution is to protect against events that the parties to the contract did not take into account when shaping its content. In order for this clause to apply, certain conditions must be met:<\/p>\r\n \r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n \t<li>the source of the obligation must be a contract,<\/li>\r\n \t<li>extraordinary nature of the change in relations,<\/li>\r\n \t<li>the change causes excessive difficulty in performance or threatens one of the parties with a significant loss, which the parties did not anticipate when concluding the contract,<\/li>\r\n \t<li>there must be a causal relationship between the change in extraordinary circumstances and the difficulties in performance.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n \r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">As part of the application of this institution, you can expect security to be provided in the form of, for example, rent reduction. In this respect, it is worth considering the decisions of the courts.<\/p>\r\n \r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-praktyka-orzecznicza\"><strong>Judicial practice<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n \r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">The authorized person running a business applied to a specific company for security for a non-pecuniary claim before initiating the proceedings, pursuant to Art. 357<sup>1 <\/sup>Civil Code, to change the content of the legal relationship between the parties based on the lease of premises located in a shopping center of January 22, 2020, in such a way as to specify that from May 2, 2020, the rent will constitute 10% of the monthly turnover of the entitled person or termination contract on the date the judgment becomes final and at the same time changes the rent as above from May 2, 2020 until the date the judgment becomes final, in connection with the occurrence of an extraordinary change in relations which causes the performance of the benefit under the contract by the entitled party to be associated with excessive difficulties and may threaten the entitled party by a significant loss (insolvency), which the parties did not and could not have foreseen when concluding the contract.<\/p>\r\n \r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">The District Court in Warsaw found that the application for security for a non-pecuniary claim was partially justified. The condition for granting security is that the claim must be substantiated and the legal interest must be demonstrated at the same time. According to the District Court, the entitled person properly substantiated the existence of an obligation relationship because he submitted a copy <strong><a class=\"ek-link\" href=\"https:\/\/klodzinskikancelaria.pl\/en\/uslugi-prawne\/commercial-real-estate-lease-agreements-in-warsaw\/\">commercial premises lease agreements<\/a><\/strong>. Moreover, the entitled person also substantiated the occurrence of an extraordinary change in relations in the form of the introduction of a state of epidemic threat in the territory of Poland. The entitled person was obliged to cease running a business in connection with the introduced restrictions. Moreover, the Court emphasized that the parties could not have predicted the occurrence of an epidemic when concluding the contract.<\/p>\r\n \r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">The closure of the outdoor equipment shop significantly affected the financial situation of the entitled party, and the raised circumstances regarding the decrease in the number of travellers associated with the restrictions introduced by other countries, as well as Poland, caused a drop in the number of customers of the outdoor equipment shop, which resulted in a reduced revenue for the entitled party. The court considered this to be a prerequisite for granting security for the claim to which they are entitled. Furthermore, moving on to the analysis of the issue of legal interest, it should be noted that pursuant to Article 730<sup>1<\/sup>\u00a0Article 2 of the Code of Civil Procedure indicates that a legal interest in securing non-monetary claims exists when the absence of security will prevent or seriously hinder the achievement of the purpose of the proceedings in the case. The court emphasised that the entitled party found itself in a difficult financial situation somewhat under duress, as it had to adapt to the introduced restrictions and, consequently, to the suspension of its business activities.<\/p>\r\n \r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">The court also found that the parties had analysed the impact of income on the rent; it was therefore reasonable to set the rent at up to 10% of the monthly turnover. However, the court pointed out that the tenant should not be exempt from service charges, as these are linked to the use of the premises. (Order of the Regional Court in Warsaw of 13 August 2020, XXVI GCo 151\/20, LEX No. 3090000).<\/p>\r\n \r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">The District Court in Warsaw also heard a case in which the entitled party concluded a lease agreement for premises in a shopping center on August 2, 2016.<strong><a class=\"ek-link\" href=\"https:\/\/klodzinskikancelaria.pl\/en\/uslugi-prawne\/commercial-real-estate-lease-agreements-in-warsaw\/\"> Premises lease agreement<\/a><\/strong> This agreement was concluded for a fixed period of 5 years. Due to the introduction of the state of epidemic and the subsequent ban on conducting business activities in commercial facilities with an area exceeding 2,000 m2<sup>2<\/sup>, the authorized person did not conduct business from March 13 to May 4, 2020. After the abolition of these restrictions, customers returned to shopping in shopping centers, but negative emotions related to the epidemic resulted in a decrease in the attendance of potential customers and thus a decline in revenues. Due to the above, the entitled person declared that his income decreased by PLN 72 % in May 2020 compared to the same period last year and by PLN 60% in June 2020 compared to June 2019.<\/p>\r\n \r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">On this basis, the entitled person filed a lawsuit to establish a legal relationship pursuant to Art. 357<sup>1<\/sup> Civil Code The argument of the entitled person was based on a change in relations by introducing limits on the number of customers, prescribed specific behavior, as well as the risk of infection in public places, which are undoubtedly shopping malls. Economic relations have also changed, as consumer spending has decreased significantly. In this case, the Court found that the entitled person had not fulfilled his obligations regarding substantiation of his claim.<\/p>\r\n \r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">On the other hand, the circumstances of an extraordinary change in circumstances were considered to be rendered probable, since the outbreak of the epidemic and the declaration of the state of the epidemic must be considered as such a phenomenon. The court stressed that the epidemic is an extraordinary, exceptional and unforeseeable event. However, in the court's opinion, it was not rendered probable how the alleged gross loss would affect the obligee's property if they were to perform their obligation. In the court's opinion, the extraordinary situation caused a significant part of sales to move to the Internet, and the obligee also conducts e-commerce sales. (Decision of the Regional Court in Warsaw of 28 August 2020, XVI GCo 195\/20, LEX No. 3063433).<\/p>\r\n \r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-najem-w-galeriach-handlowych\"><strong>Lease in shopping malls<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n \r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">The Regional Court in Warsaw also considered a case concerning an application for interim relief in respect of a non-monetary claim against a general partnership, to amend the terms of the legal relationship between the parties to the lease agreement for retail space comprising premises in the Shopping Centre, dated 2 February 2017, by stipulating that, from 2 May 2020, the rent payable by the obligor to the obligee under the agreement shall amount to 9% of the turnover generated by the obligee on the premises in a given calendar month (excluding VAT), calculated on the basis of monthly reports as at the date the judgment becomes final, whilst simultaneously amending the rent as set out above from 2 May 2020 until the date the judgment becomes final, in view of the occurrence of an extraordinary change in circumstances, which means that the entitled party\u2019s performance of its obligations under the contract is associated with undue hardship and threatens the entitled party with a gross loss, which the parties did not and could not have foreseen at the time the contract was concluded, by reducing the amount of the beneficiary\u2019s monthly obligations to the obligor, or alternatively by reducing the amount of the beneficiary\u2019s monetary payment under the contract, such that from 2 May 2020 until the date on which the judgment in the case becomes final, the amount of the payments which the claimant will be obliged to make in respect of the basic rent referred to in the contract, the service charge and the promotion fee, shall amount to no more than PLN 48,855. The claimant argued that, as a result of the pandemic, the continued validity and performance of the contract would cause her a gross loss, and that the lack of security would result in the premises becoming insolvent. The claimant\u2019s turnover fell by approximately 57% compared with the corresponding period last year. The court noted that the claimant had established the existence of a legal relationship in the form of a tenancy agreement.<\/p>\r\n \r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Moreover, in the Court's assessment, the condition of an extraordinary change in circumstances was also met, as there is no doubt that the epidemic caused by the virus should be classified as an unprecedented event. However, it was demonstrated that at the beginning of August, the turnover of the entitled party increased, and therefore there was a chance of improving its situation in the subsequent months, and any interference in the legal relationship between the parties could only result in a significant decrease in the income of the obliged party. The Court also pointed out that, particularly considering the fact that during the period when the entitled party was unable to conduct business activities on the premises covered by the application in question, it was not obliged to pay dues to the obliged party and received state support, which was omitted by the entitled party. In the Court's assessment, the entitled party did not render its claim probable by failing to demonstrate what loss it will suffer in the future and how this relates to the prevailing pandemic situation. (Decision of the Regional Court in Warsaw of 1 October 2020, XVI GCo 222\/20, LEX No. 3108186).<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\nAnalysing the discussed issue, mention must also be made of the case in which, on 26 October 2020, the entitled party filed an application for securing her claim for the modification of the legal relationship between the entitled party and the obligated party pursuant to Article 357<sup>1<\/sup> Civil Code, i.e. determining the amount of the monthly rent and the costs of servicing the lease agreement of October 10, 2016 at PLN 0 for the period from October 17, 2020 until the date of lifting the ban on conducting a specific activity.\r\n\r\n \r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">The entitled party rented premises from the obligated party where she ran a fitness club. The entitled party explained that she occupies 1278.73 m<sup>2<\/sup>area at levels 0, -1 and 21.32 m<sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0warehouse space, as well as 216 m<sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0terrace and parking spaces. In the Court&#039;s opinion, the entitled person, as of the date of submitting the application for security, substantiated the claim for the application of the clause <em>rebus sic stantibus<\/em>, as the closure of the fitness club she runs for an indefinite period and the declaration of a state of epidemic constitute an extraordinary change in circumstances. The claimant demonstrated that the performance of the contract would expose her to extraordinary loss and could even lead to her bankruptcy. Although the Court found that both the legal interest and the existence of the claim had been substantiated, the form of security sought did not merit full acceptance, as it would place an above-average burden on the obligated party. The claimant sought a claim for full exemption from the obligation to pay rent and service charges, whilst, in the Court\u2019s view, both parties should share the risk and bear the consequences jointly.\u00a0 The Court held that exempting the claimant from the obligation to bear the costs in case 50% would be appropriate and sufficient. (Order of the Regional Court in Warsaw of 5 November 2020, XX GCo 246\/20, LEX No. 3116082).<\/p>\r\n \r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-umowa-najmu-lokalu-wypowiedzenie-umowy-najmu\"><strong>Premises lease agreement. Termination of the lease agreement<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n \r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">With regard to another matter that requires consideration, the applicant has applied for interim relief to secure a claim for the establishment of a legal relationship by determining the amount of the payment due to the applicant under the lease agreement for the premises dated 22 July 2013\u00a0in the Shopping Centre in respect of the basic monthly rent and additional rent, against the defendant, by suspending, for the duration of the court proceedings, the obligation to pay rent arising from the lease agreement dated 22 July 2013 located in the Shopping Centre, in force between the claimants and the defendant for the period from 6 June 2020 to 16 October 2020 in an amount exceeding 25% of the rent under the agreement, and to prohibit the defendant from giving notice to terminate the tenancy agreement of 22 July 2013 in the event that the applicants fail to pay the basic rent and additional rent for the period from 6 June 2020 to 16 October 2020, in respect of the portion exceeding 25% of the basic rent and additional rent.<\/p>\r\n \r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">The business activity conducted by the applicant concerns a fitness center, which was subject to a total operating ban in the period from March 13, 2020 to June 5, 2020. Although the club resumed operations on June 6, 2020, there was a visible decrease in customers. As of October 17, 2020, the club remained closed again. The entitled person indicated that the request to set the rent amount at 25% results from the difficult financial situation and therefore the inability to obtain funds that would ensure the repayment of liabilities. The court found that the conditions for granting security had been met, but dismissed the application to submit a declaration of will <strong><a class=\"ek-link\" href=\"https:\/\/klodzinskikancelaria.pl\/en\/terminating-lease-agreements-for-commercial-premises-in-shopping-malls\/\">termination of the lease agreement<\/a><\/strong>, in the event of failure by the applicants to pay the basic rent and additional rent for the period from June 6, 2020 to October 16, 2020, in part over 25% of the basic rent and additional rent. In the Court&#039;s opinion, this request is not related to a substantiated claim or legal interest. (Resolution of the District Court in Warsaw of January 7, 2021, XX GCo 303\/20, LEX No. 3118469)<\/p>\r\n \r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">The analysis of these cases indicates that the clause <em>rebus sic stantibus<\/em> was used in practice by tenants of premises as a special solution. However, tenants who have been affected by restrictions in the form of a ban on running their business often use Art. 495 of the Civil Code, i.e. subsequent impossibility of performance for which neither party to the contract is responsible. This provision applies to a situation in which one of the mutual performances has become impossible as a result of circumstances for which neither party is responsible. Then the legislator resolves this issue in such a way that the party that was supposed to provide this performance cannot demand reciprocal performance, and if it has already received it, it is obliged to return it in accordance with the provisions on unjust enrichment. It should be emphasized in this case that the situation must be assessed objectively. The provision will not apply if the tenant does not have the financial resources necessary to pay the rent. If the tenant finds himself in a difficult financial situation as a result of the epidemic, he cannot effectively avoid the obligation to pay rent pursuant to Art. 495 of the Civil Code. However, it should be remembered that the reference to Art. 495 of the Civil Code leads to the expiry of the entire obligation, i.e. in this case - the lease agreement.<\/p>\r\n \r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">To use the clause<em> rebus sic stantibus <\/em>the date of concluding the premises lease agreement is crucial. By its nature, the clause refers to events that could not be predicted. Therefore <strong>for example - <\/strong>if a party had entered into an agreement, for example, in June 2020, then in a situation where the tenant expected a reduction in rent, the landlord could at that point argue that the risk caused by epidemic restrictions was already foreseeable at the time the agreement was concluded. Although even then it seemed that the epidemic would soon be over, and certainly no-one anticipated the second and third lockdowns. For gym owners, this state of closure has already lasted as many as 4 months as of the writing of the article.<\/p>\r\n \r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-podsumowanie\"><strong>Summary<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n \r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Based on the above-mentioned cases, it can be clearly stated that courts are increasingly acceding to tenants&#039; requests for relief, suspension of payments or partial payments. Tenants are only now slowly trying to rebuild financial liquidity, but there is a high probability that it will take a long time to return to the turnover results from previous years, and only if there are no further lockdowns and the epidemic itself ends quickly. Suffice it to say that there is no certainty in this matter. It should be noted that the restrictions also affect landlords, as they also bear the costs of the crisis as their rental income is reduced, although the obligation to cover common fees for the maintenance of the property is usually not questioned.<\/p>\r\n \r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">The best solution for both parties is most often to reduce the rent or set it in the form of rent per turnover both for the duration of the lockdown and generally for the entire duration of the epidemic, because then the tenant maintains financial liquidity and the landlord maintains a proven source of income. However, against this background, disputes are becoming more frequent and reaching an agreement is not always possible. For both parties, the best solution in this situation is to seek professional help from a law firm that specializes in conducting disputes between landlords and tenants. Moreover, demonstrating an extraordinary change in relations and thus invoking the clause <em>rebus sic stantibus<\/em>, despite its apparent obviousness, requires specialized knowledge, because the institution in question requires justification for the existence of a state of affairs that happens rarely, is unprecedented, unusual. The epidemic is undoubtedly such a situation and is an obvious example of a change in relations, and the application of Art. 357<sup>1 <\/sup>the Civil Code in court practice begins to increase. Even though before the pandemic, this provision was not very eagerly applied.<\/p>\r\n \r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Working out an agreement is a more advantageous solution, because the application of the indicated clause requires the defense of one&#039;s interests only in court and is associated with the passage of time, which in this case is important for both parties. On the other hand, protective orders are increasingly issued even within a few weeks, which makes society regain faith in the courts. Application of the clause by courts <em>rebus sic stantibus<\/em> is a kind of lifeline for tenants who have lost financial liquidity and concluded a contract in completely different economic conditions. It is worth emphasizing that submitting an application to the court does not end the negotiations, and it is best if they take place in parallel - focusing on both usually leads to a satisfactory solution.<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n<strong>Piotr K\u0142odzi\u0144ski with appl. Agata Michalska\r\n<a class=\"ek-link\" href=\"https:\/\/klodzinskikancelaria.pl\/en\/\">Legal Advisor Warsaw<\/a>\r\n<a class=\"ek-link\" href=\"https:\/\/klodzinskikancelaria.pl\/en\/\">Law Firm Warsaw<\/a><\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n<strong>OUR LAW OFFICE ASSISTS TENANTS IN CONFLICT SITUATIONS, COURT DISPUTES, PREPARATION OF TERMINATION DOCUMENTS, AND IN NEGOTIATIONS WITH LANDLORDS IN ORDER TO RESULT IN A REDUCTION OF THE RENT OR TERMINATION OF THE RENTAL RELATIONSHIP TO YOUR SATISFACTION ENJOYING ALL SIDES.<\/strong>\r\n<strong>\r\nDO YOU HAVE ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS? <\/strong>\r\n<strong>DO YOU NEED LEGAL ASSISTANCE IN PREPARING AN APPLICATION TO COURT FOR A RENT REDUCTION? <\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n<strong>WELCOME TO ADD COMMENTS BELOW OR CONTACT THE AUTHORS VIA\u00a0<a class=\"ek-link\" href=\"mailto:BIURO@KLODZINSKIKANCELARIA.PL\">BIURO@KLODZINSKIKANCELARIA.P<\/a><\/strong><a class=\"ek-link\" href=\"mailto:BIURO@KLODZINSKIKANCELARIA.PL\"><strong>L<\/strong> <\/a>\r\n\r\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-left kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;3380&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Rate this post&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 - (0 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;S\u0105dy coraz ch\u0119tniej opowiadaj\u0105 si\u0119 po stronie najemc\u00f3w galerii handlowych - om\u00f3wienie orzecznictwa&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">Rate this post<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Closing stores caused huge financial losses for many entrepreneurs. Tenants of premises in shopping centers are feeling the effects of the current pandemic very severely. Empty facilities only generated expenses because they did not sell, and maintaining them while waiting for a return to business is a significant cost. Tenants of premises in shopping centers had to face a ban on their operations last spring, then the lockdown lasted from November 7 to November 28. From December 28, 2020, the government tightened the regulations on the operation of shopping malls. Until January 31, 2021, there was a ban on retail trade in commercial or service facilities, including retail parks, with a sales or service area exceeding 2,000 m2. The situation was supposed to be improved by the solutions of the Anti-Crisis Shield 2.0, which provided for the possibility of exempting mall tenants from the obligation to pay rent during the closure, but a very important condition had to be met, namely the extension of the contract. After closing the stores, the obligation for the tenant to submit an unconditional and binding offer to extend the lease agreement was updated. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":3384,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4,31],"tags":[],"uslugi-categories":[],"class_list":["post-3380","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-najem-nieruchomosci-komercyjnych","category-najem-w-galeriach"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.10 (Yoast SEO v23.1) - 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