{"id":12937,"date":"2023-06-15T13:06:11","date_gmt":"2023-06-15T13:06:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/klodzinskikancelaria.pl\/?p=12937"},"modified":"2026-07-17T09:42:47","modified_gmt":"2026-07-17T09:42:47","slug":"tsue-c-520-21","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/klodzinskikancelaria.pl\/en\/tsue-c-520-21\/","title":{"rendered":"CJEU judgment C-520\/21 \u2013 full text"},"content":{"rendered":"<article class=\"kk-article\">\n<p class=\"kk-lead\">The full text of the historical judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) of 15 June 2023 in case C-520\/21 (Arkadiusz Szcze\u015bniak v Bank M. SA), which ultimately blocked banks' claims for remuneration for the unauthorised use of capital in franc-denominated loan cases.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kk-box\">\n<p class=\"kk-box-title\">Summary of the judgment<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Preliminary ruling on unfair terms in consumer contracts (Directive 93\/13\/EEC).<\/li>\n<li>The case concerns a mortgage indexed to the Swiss franc and conversion clauses.<\/li>\n<li>The Tribunal rules on the effects of declaring an agreement invalid and the possibility for banks to pursue claims beyond the return of the capital transferred.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<nav class=\"kk-toc\" aria-label=\"Contents\">\n<p class=\"kk-toc-title\">Spis tre\u015bci dokumentu<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#ramy-prawne\">Legal grounds (Union law and Polish regulations)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#postepowanie-glowne\">Main proceedings and preliminary question<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ustny-etap\">Application for reopening of oral proceedings<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dopuszczalnosc\">Admissibility of the question and the Court's jurisdiction<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/nav>\n<blockquote class=\"kk-quote\"><p><strong>Official document from the CJEU (C-520\/21) in response to questions asked by the District Court for Warsaw-\u015ar\u00f3dmie\u015bcie in Warsaw.<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h1>JUDGMENT OF THE COURT (Fourth Chamber) of 15 June 2023<\/h1>\n<p>In Case C-520\/21, concerning a request for a preliminary ruling made by the District Court for Warsaw-\u015ar\u00f3dmie\u015bcie in Warsaw, pursuant to Article 267 TFEU, in proceedings between: <strong>Arkadiusz Szcze\u015bniak<\/strong> against <strong>Bank M. SA<\/strong>, with the participation of, among others, the Commissioner for Human Rights, the Financial Ombudsman, the Polish Financial Supervision Authority.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ramy-prawne\">Legal framework<\/h2>\n<h3>Union law<\/h3>\n<p>In accordance with Directive 93\/13\/EEC, Member States provide that, under national law, unfair terms in contracts concluded between traders and consumers shall not be binding on the consumer, and the contract shall continue to bind the parties if it is capable of continuing in existence after exclusion of the unfair terms (Art. 6(1)).<\/p>\n<h3>Polish recipes<\/h3>\n<p>In accordance with Article 385[1], Section 1 of the Civil Code, clauses in a contract concluded with a consumer, which have not been individually agreed upon, shall not be binding on him if they shape his rights and obligations in a manner contrary to good morals, significantly infringing his interests (abusive contractual clauses). If the contract fails, the provisions on unjust enrichment (Articles 405 and 410 of the Civil Code) shall apply, among others.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"postepowanie-glowne\">Main proceedings and preliminary question<\/h2>\n<p>On 25 July 2008, A.S. and his spouse entered into a mortgage loan agreement with Bank M. which was indexed to CHF. The terms of this agreement were not individually negotiated (conversion clauses). The borrower sought the return of benefits resulting from the bank's use of his capital. The District Court indicated that Polish case law (following the Dziubak C-260\/18 judgment) has established the view that such clauses lead to the nullity of the agreement from the outset.<em>from the beginning<\/em>This gave rise to the problem of whether, in the event of such invalidity, the parties could demand any amounts from each other exceeding the pure restitution of payments (interest, remuneration, indexation).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ustny-etap\">Application for reopening of oral proceedings<\/h2>\n<p>Bank M., following the publication of the Advocate General's opinion, requested the reopening of the oral procedure (pursuant to Article 83 of the Rules of Procedure of the Court). It claimed a misunderstanding of the scope of its claims and challenged the Advocate General's opinion. The Court dismissed this request, recalling that the Court is not bound by the Advocate General's opinion, and that parties do not have the statutory right to debate with the Advocate General after the closure of the oral proceedings, unless entirely new facts emerge (which was not the case here).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dopuszczalnosc\">Admissibility of the question and the Court's jurisdiction<\/h2>\n<p>The referring court wondered about the admissibility of its own question (as it also asked about the bank's potential claims for the use of capital, even though the bank had not yet formally filed a claim in the same matter against the consumer). The Court found the question admissible in its entirety, as the counterclaims were relevant for the overall settlement of the contract, and the bank had, in the meantime, already initiated separate court proceedings, which demonstrated the real and pressing nature of the issue.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kk-author-box\"><strong>Document provided for informational purposes. The law firm provides assistance in pursuing claims arising from the latest CJEU case law in franc matters.<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/article>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-left kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;12937&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Rate this post&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 - (0 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Wyrok TSUE C-520\\\/21 - pe\u0142na tre\u015b\u0107&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">Rate this post<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Full text of the historic judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) of 15 June 2023 in Case C-520\/21 (Arkadiusz Szcze\u015bniak v Bank M. SA), which ultimately blocked banks' claims for remuneration for the unauthorised use of capital in Swiss franc loan cases. \ud83d\udca1 Summary of the judgment Preliminary ruling on unfair terms in consumer contracts (Directive 93\/13\/EEC). Case \u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/klodzinskikancelaria.pl\/en\/tsue-c-520-21\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">CJEU judgment C-520\/21 \u2013 full text<\/span> Read More \u00bb<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"quote","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[104],"tags":[],"uslugi-categories":[],"class_list":["post-12937","post","type-post","status-publish","format-quote","hentry","category-ogolne-porady-prawne","post_format-post-format-quote"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.10 (Yoast SEO v23.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Wyrok TSUE C-520\/21 - pe\u0142na tre\u015b\u0107<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pe\u0142na tre\u015b\u0107 orzeczenia TSUE ws. kredyt\u00f3w frankowych z 15 czerwca 2023r. 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